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Njira ya injini ya dizilo yosinthira mphamvu ya kutentha kukhala mphamvu yamakina imatheka kudzera munjira zinayi zosalekeza: kudya, kuponderezana, kugwira ntchito ndi kutulutsa. Njira iliyonse yotereyi imatchedwa kuzungulira kwa ntchito. Injini iliyonse yomwe imamaliza kuzungulira kogwira ntchito potembenuza crankshaft kawiri ndi kubwezera pisitoni kanayi imatchedwa injini ya sitiroko zinayi. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi sitiroko zinayi:

1. Kumwa sitiroko

Crankshaft imayendetsa pisitoni kuti isunthe kuchokera pakatikati pakufa kupita kumunsi pansi. Panthawiyi, valve yolowetsa imatsegulidwa ndipo valve yotulutsa mpweya imatsekedwa. Pakusuntha kwa pisitoni, kuchuluka kwa silinda kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndikupanga vacuum, kotero kusakaniza koyaka kumayamwa mu silinda kudzera mu valavu yolowera mpaka pisitoni ifika pakatikati pakufa ndipo valavu yolowera imatsekedwa.

Chifukwa cha kukana kwa njira yolowera, kukakamiza kwa gasi mu silinda kumapeto kwa kulowetsedwa kumakhala kotsika kuposa kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga, pafupifupi 0.075MPa ~ 0.09MPa. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mbali zotentha kwambiri monga khoma la silinda ndi pistoni komanso mpweya wotsalira wotsalira wotsalira m'mbuyo, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakwera kufika pa 370K ~ 440K. Zomwe zimalowa mu silinda pa nthawi ya sitiroko sizomwe zimayaka, koma mpweya wabwino.

2. Kuponderezedwa sitiroko

Kumapeto kwa sitiroko yodya, pisitoni imasuntha kuchokera kumunsi pansi kupita kumtunda wakufa womwe umayendetsedwa ndi crankshaft, ndipo voliyumu ya silinda imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Panthawiyi, ma valve olowetsa ndi kutuluka amatsekedwa, ndipo mpweya wabwino umakanizidwa. Kuponderezana kumathera pamene pisitoni ifika pamwamba pakufa pakati. Panthawi yoponderezedwa, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kumawonjezeka panthawi imodzi, ndipo kusakaniza kumasakanikirana mofanana. Popeza psinjika chiŵerengero cha dizilo ndi lalikulu, za 15 mpaka 22, kutentha ndi kuthamanga pa mapeto a psinjika ndi mkulu, mavuto akhoza kufika 3MPa kuti 5MPa, ndi kutentha kufika 800K kuti 1000K.

3. Kugunda kwamphamvu

Kumapeto kwa sitiroko yoponderezedwa, pampu ya jekeseni yamafuta imapopera dizilo yothamanga kwambiri mumlengalenga wotentha kwambiri komanso wothamanga kwambiri mu silinda kudzera mu jekeseni ngati nkhungu, yomwe imatuluka mwachangu ndikupanga kusakaniza ndi mpweya. Popeza kutentha mu silinda ndipamwamba kuposa kutentha kwa dizilo (pafupifupi 500K), kusakaniza kwa dizilo nthawi yomweyo kumayaka ndikuyaka yokha, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali pambuyo pake, kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa silinda kumakwera kwambiri pobaya. mafuta, kukankhira pisitoni pansi kuti igwire ntchito. Pa sitiroko mphamvu, kuthamanga yomweyo kufika 5MPa ~ 10MPa, ndi kutentha yomweyo kufika 1800K ~ 2200K.

4. Kutaya mphamvu

Mphamvu yamagetsi ikayandikira kumapeto, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, valavu yolowera imatseka, ndipo crankshaft imakankhira pisitoni kuchokera kumunsi wakufa mpaka pakati pakufa pamwamba kudzera pa ndodo yolumikizira. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa mu silinda pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwake kotsalira komanso kukankhira pisitoni. Pistoni ikafika pakatikati pakufa, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka ndipo kutulutsa kumatha. Chifukwa pali kukana kwa mpweya mu dongosolo lotopetsa, kumapeto kwa chiwombankhanga, kupanikizika kwa silinda kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya mlengalenga, pafupifupi 0.105MPa ~ 0.115MPa, ndipo kutentha kuli pafupi 900K ~ 1200K.

Pakati pa zikwapu zinayi, kugunda kwamphamvu kokha kumapanga mphamvu, ndipo zikwapu zina zitatu ndi zikwapu zothandizira kukonzekera kugunda kwamphamvu, ndipo zonse zimawononga mphamvu. Pakuzungulira koyamba injini ikayamba, payenera kukhala mphamvu yakunja yozungulira crankshaft kuti amalize kumenya ndi kukakamiza. Pamene sitiroko yamagetsi iyamba, mphamvu yogwira ntchito imasungidwa mu flywheel kupyolera mu crankshaft kuti apitirizebe kupitiriza kuzungulira.